{"id":1159,"date":"2013-04-20T19:36:22","date_gmt":"2013-04-20T19:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/?p=1159"},"modified":"2014-03-23T14:36:10","modified_gmt":"2014-03-23T14:36:10","slug":"desenvolupament-guiat-per-tests-test-driven-development-tdd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/desenvolupament-guiat-per-tests-test-driven-development-tdd\/","title":{"rendered":"Desenvolupament guiat per tests: Test-driven development (TDD)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"debuggingsuckststingrocks\"<\/p>\n

Segons un estudi de\u00a0Standish Group del\u00a01994, nom\u00e9s un\u00a016,2% dels\u00a0projectes inform\u00e0tics t\u00e9 \u00e8xit<\/strong>. La resta t\u00e9 problemes o\u00a0fracassen.\u00a0\u00a0Un proc\u00e9s que per mi \u00e9s clau \u00e9s el\u00a0desenvolupament guiat per tests. De fet, gr\u00e0cies a una millor gesti\u00f3 de projectes, el 2004 aquesta xifra va millorar fins el 24% d’\u00e8xit.<\/p>\n

Aquest article no \u00e9s per tothom<\/a>, est\u00e0 dirigit a programadors, t\u00e8cnics, consultors i propietaris de llocs web.<\/p>\n

No t\u00e9 res a veure amb els tests A\/B o tests multivariants<\/a>, sin\u00f3 que t\u00e9 a veure amb\u00a0la\u00a0import\u00e0ncia\u00a0de la validaci\u00f3 del funcionament<\/strong>. Validar el funcionament \u00e9s la base de la\u00a0pir\u00e0mide\u00a0d’optimitzaci\u00f3 de la conversi\u00f3<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Producte tancat sense canvis<\/h2>\n

Quan es fa un pressupost es pensa en el producte acabat i per tant es vol tenir la descripci\u00f3 final d’aquest per poder fixar el cost de desenvolupament en un preu tancat<\/a>.\u00a0Aix\u00f2\u00a0funciona\u00a0b\u00e9 si no s’admet cap imprevist\u00a0i no hi ha canvis durant el proc\u00e9s de desenvolupament. Amb l’enfocament en cascada, un cop enviat el disseny, tindr\u00e0s el producte que vas dissenyar. \u00a0Habitualment en programaci\u00f3 no \u00e9s aix\u00ed i hi ha canvis durant el desenvolupament o al finalitzar aquest (en hardware \u00e9s m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil, oi?)<\/p>\n

Per tenir en compte els canvis durant el desenvolupament, cal poder canviar el disseny inicial i saber modificar la programaci\u00f3 en curs. L’enfocament “en cascada” no funciona b\u00e9 i cal tenir una aproximaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s “\u00e0gil”.<\/p>\n

Depurar o validar el funcionament<\/h2>\n

Quan es programa, cal anar veient si el que fem est\u00e0 ben fet i per aix\u00f2 a mesura que es va\u00a0desenvolupant\u00a0es provant si el que hem programat est\u00e0 b\u00e9. Si no coneixem el desenvolupament guiat per tests (TDD), el que es fa \u00e9s programar i provar si funciona. Si no funciona, es depura fins que funcioni.<\/p>\n

En TDD el que es fa primer \u00e9s dissenyar el test, despr\u00e9s es programa el codi per fer que el test estigui b\u00e9 i al final es ref\u00e0 el codi<\/a> per assegurar-nos que \u00e9s m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil de llegir i que tot est\u00e0 b\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"tdd\"La definici\u00f3 del problema \u00e9s part de la soluci\u00f3 del problema<\/strong><\/p>\n

No t’ha passat mai que has hagut de depurar un codi una vegada i la\u00a0pr\u00f2xima\u00a0vegada que falla et veus repetint algunes accions?<\/p>\n

El test \u00e9s part del desenvolupament final.<\/strong> El test ens ajudar\u00e0 a validar que el que hem programat compleix amb el disseny. Les ganes d’acabar un desenvolupament fa que tinguem ganes de desenvolupar el codi directament quan encara no hem pensat com validarem que el que\u00a0constru\u00efm\u00a0estigui b\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cicle iteratiu de desenvolupament<\/h2>\n

Per utilitzar un\u00a0enfocament\u00a0\u00e0gil, trobo que \u00e9s molt \u00fatil el concepte de iteraci\u00f3<\/strong>. El desenvolupament consisteix en una seria d’iteracions. Es tracta de que en una o poques setmanes es finalitzi\u00a0la programaci\u00f3 de parts del producte i aix\u00ed mostrar aquestes parts acabades al responsable final del producte<\/a>\u00a0abans d’acabar de desenvolupar-lo completament.<\/p>\n

Al principi de cada iteraci\u00f3, cal saber quines parts del producte es faran i entendre les funcionalitats i escenaris d’us. Gr\u00e0cies a dissenyar primer aquests tests, tindrem el\u00a0coneixement<\/a>\u00a0de que el que hem programat compleix el que ens\u00a0hav\u00edem\u00a0proposat.<\/p>\n

Experi\u00e8ncia amb la validaci\u00f3 del funcionament<\/h2>\n

Fer TDD amb phpunit<\/a> o qualsevol eina de “tests unitaris” sembla ser molta feina, per\u00f2 es troba a faltar en tot projecte en el que no hi ha una manera de verificar el funcionament del les coses.<\/p>\n

No n’hi ha prou en mirar si hi ha p\u00e0gines amb error.<\/strong>\u00a0Val m\u00e9s tenir algun executable\u00a0<\/em>simple que no pas no tenir res. Per exemple un p\u00e0gina que\u00a0executi totes les classes,\u00a0m\u00e8todes\u00a0 funcions, etc i s’asseguri que facin el que han de fer (puja\/elimina fitxer, consultar\/crear\/modificar\/eliminar, etc).\u00a0I aix\u00f2 no ho dic com a programador, ho dic com a\u00a0t\u00e8cnic\u00a0de sistemes i com a responsable de llocs web.<\/p>\n

Estar\u00e9 encantat de llegir les vostres experi\u00e8ncies en validaci\u00f3 de funcionament o disseny guiat per tests en els comentaris d’aquest article.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si en voleu saber m\u00e9s, us recomano el llibre Test Driven Development (By Example)<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0Kent Beck.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Segons un estudi de\u00a0Standish Group del\u00a01994, nom\u00e9s un\u00a016,2% dels\u00a0projectes inform\u00e0tics t\u00e9 \u00e8xit. La resta t\u00e9 problemes o\u00a0fracassen.\u00a0\u00a0Un proc\u00e9s que per mi \u00e9s clau \u00e9s el\u00a0desenvolupament guiat per tests. De fet, gr\u00e0cies a una millor gesti\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1169,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dev"],"yoast_head":"\nDesenvolupament guiat per tests: Test-driven development (TDD) ~ Desenvolupament<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/desenvolupament-guiat-per-tests-test-driven-development-tdd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Desenvolupament guiat per tests: Test-driven development (TDD) ~ Desenvolupament\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Segons un estudi de\u00a0Standish Group del\u00a01994, nom\u00e9s un\u00a016,2% dels\u00a0projectes inform\u00e0tics t\u00e9 \u00e8xit. 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