{"id":1606,"date":"2014-07-13T10:25:01","date_gmt":"2014-07-13T10:25:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/?p=1606"},"modified":"2018-04-16T11:27:59","modified_gmt":"2018-04-16T09:27:59","slug":"kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9s important aprendre aspectes del control de la qualitat de processos si vols millorar la qualitat del teu producte o servei.<\/p>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1608 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg\" alt=\"Ishikawa-bw-238x300\" width=\"230\" height=\"294\" \/>Qui \u00e9s Kaoru Ishikawa?<\/h2>\n<p>El 13 de juliol de 1915 a Tokyo\u00a0va n\u00e8ixer\u00a0<strong>Kaoru Ishikawa<\/strong>. Celebrem ja\u00a0el\u00a099 aniversari del seu naixement.<\/p>\n<p>Kaoru Ishikawa va ser un\u00a0enginyer i cient\u00edfic japon\u00e8s que va concebre\u00a0els\u00a0&#8220;cercles de qualitat&#8221; i les\u00a07\u00a0eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat.<\/p>\n<p>Sabeu per qu\u00e8 en s\u00f3c tan fan? Va agafar\u00a0principis d&#8217;altres\u00a0<i>gur\u00fas<\/i>\u00a0de la qualitat i els va adaptar. \u00a0Per exemple, va convertir el model de 4 pasos\u00a0Plan-Do-Check-Act de\u00a0W. Edwards Deming en un de 6:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Determina els objectius i les metes.<\/li>\n<li>Determina els\u00a0m\u00e8todes per aconseguir els objectius.<\/li>\n<li>Facilita la educaci\u00f3 i la formaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>Implementa la feina.<\/li>\n<li>Comprova els efectes de la implementaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>Fes les accions apropiades.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1686\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdca.gif\" alt=\"pdca\" width=\"256\" height=\"220\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Cercle de qualitat<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1638 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/estructura-cercles-qualitat.jpg\" alt=\"estructura-cercles-qualitat\" width=\"659\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/estructura-cercles-qualitat.jpg 659w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/estructura-cercles-qualitat-300x256.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Els treballadors especialitzats tenen unes responsabilitats en projectes o tecnologies molt concretes. \u00c9s dif\u00edcil que tinguin una visi\u00f3 completa de la feina que fan.<\/p>\n<p>Els cercles de qualitat s\u00f3n\u00a0grups formats per persones que fan una feina similar o una activitat conjuntament. Aquests grups organitzen trobades peri\u00f2diques en horari laboral per tal de identificar, analitzar i solucionar problemes relacionats amb una\u00a0feina o activitat que es fa a l&#8217;organitzaci\u00f3.\u00a0Es tracta de que el grup presenti a la direcci\u00f3 les seves solucions i que implementi aquelles que millorin el rendiment de la organitzaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Qui hi participa en aquests cercles de qualitat? Volunt\u00e0riament hi van profesionals experimentats, empleats en pr\u00e0ctiques i <em>facilitadors<\/em> del proc\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00a0Aix\u00f2 enriqueix la feina realitzada\u00a0i facilita\u00a0una autogesti\u00f3 en la que la direcci\u00f3 de la organitzaci\u00f3 hi pot confiar.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a07\u00a0eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat<\/h2>\n<p>Els cercles de qualitat estaven formats per persones amb poca formaci\u00f3 en estad\u00edstica i necessitaven eines gr\u00e0fiques simples que facilitessin el proc\u00e9s de diagn\u00f2stic de problemes de qualitat.\u00a0Kaoru Ishikawa va potenciar l&#8217;\u00fas de \u00a07 eines simples i \u00fatils.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Diagrames causa-efecte<\/h3>\n<p>Una t\u00e8cnica per investigar relacions causa efectes \u00e9s la de fer mapes mentals preguntant-se fins a 5 nivells de &#8220;per qu\u00e8&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Els diagrames de Ishikawa s\u00f3n diagrames amb aspecte de peix que mostren visualment les relacions causa-efecte.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1644 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/cause-effect-diagram.jpg\" alt=\"cause-effect-diagram\" width=\"500\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/cause-effect-diagram.jpg 500w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/cause-effect-diagram-300x216.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>El\u00a0funcionament \u00e9s el seg\u00fcent:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Fes un diagrama indicant primer el problema a analitzar o efecte indesitjable.<\/li>\n<li>Dibuixa varies\u00a0espines. Una espina pels diferents\u00a0origens de les causes que vulguis considerar (Producci\u00f3, Marketing, Serveis, etc)<\/li>\n<li>Fes un brainstorming de\u00a0possibles causes i posa-les a la categoria corresponent (<a href=\"http:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cinc_W\">Cinc W<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Pregunta&#8217;t el motiu d&#8217;aquella causa almenys 3 \u00a0vegades de forma seguida (<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/5_Whys\">5 WHY<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Prioritza aquelles causes amb major impacte que es puguin solucionar de forma r\u00e0pida i f\u00e0cil.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Un exemple d&#8217;an\u00e0lisi de causa-efecte tradicional:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1635 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/fish2.gif\" alt=\"fish2\" width=\"470\" height=\"327\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Un exemple de m\u00e0rqueting:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1645 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/fishbone-sales.jpg\" alt=\"fishbone-sales\" width=\"1280\" height=\"958\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/fishbone-sales.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/fishbone-sales-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/fishbone-sales-1024x766.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Un exemple que agradar\u00e0 a analistes:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1646 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/fishbone-cro1.gif\" alt=\"fishbone-cro1\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1096\" \/><\/p>\n<p>En Producci\u00f3 pots utilitzar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tecnologia<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e8tode<\/li>\n<li>Material<\/li>\n<li>Persones<\/li>\n<li>Mesurament<\/li>\n<li>Entorn<\/li>\n<li>A vegades si afegeix\u00a0Gesti\u00f3 i \u00a0Manteniment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #252525;\"><span id=\"The_7_Ps_.28used_in_marketing_industry.29\" class=\"mw-headline\">En Marketing pots utilitzar:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Producte\/Servei<\/li>\n<li>Preu<\/li>\n<li>Distribuci\u00f3\/Canal<\/li>\n<li>Promoci\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>Persones<\/li>\n<li>Posicionament de la marca\/producte\/servei<\/li>\n<li>Empaquetat\/Tangibles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En Serveis pots utilitzar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Entorn<\/li>\n<li>Prove\u00efdors<\/li>\n<li>Sistemes<\/li>\n<li>Habilitats<\/li>\n<li>Seguretat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Registres de recollida de dades<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Els registres tenen\u00a0un format preparat per tal de recollir dades i habilitar-ne el posterior an\u00e0lisis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Per exemple, dia a dia es recullen dades del proc\u00e9s que es vol millorar per quantificar les defici\u00e8ncies per tipus, per localitzaci\u00f3 o per causa\u00a0i poder\u00a0veure quina forma t\u00e9 la distribuci\u00f3 de probabilitat d&#8217;aquestes.<\/p>\n<p>Els defectes trobats en una\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/dev\/desenvolupament-guiat-per-tests-test-driven-development-tdd\/\">inspecci\u00f3 o verificaci\u00f3 definida<\/a>\u00a0es poden registrar de forma manual en una llista de verificaci\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1616 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Data-checksheet-1.gif\" alt=\"Data checksheet 1\" width=\"510\" height=\"329\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tamb\u00e9 es poden registrar aix\u00ed que succeeixen:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1618 size-full alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/asq_0707_401-e1404845963676.jpg\" alt=\"asq_0707_401\" width=\"442\" height=\"151\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/asq_0707_401-e1404845963676.jpg 442w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/asq_0707_401-e1404845963676-300x102.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tamb\u00e9 es poden consultar els que els registres en el moment de revisi\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1632 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/checksheet.png\" alt=\"checksheet\" width=\"767\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/checksheet.png 767w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/checksheet-300x213.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>3. Gr\u00e0fics de control de variables<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gr\u00e0fics utilitzats per estudiar com un proc\u00e9s canvia al llarg del temps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Aquest tipus de gr\u00e0fic facilita la\u00a0visualitzaci\u00f3 de si\u00a0un proc\u00e9s est\u00e0 funcionant dins dels par\u00e0metres de qualitat habituals i\u00a0facilita la detecci\u00f3 de canvis\u00a0de qualitat que van m\u00e9s\u00a0enll\u00e0 de la casualitat.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1622 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/spc1.jpg\" alt=\"spc1\" width=\"400\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/spc1.jpg 400w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/spc1-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>En el gr\u00e0fic de control es dibuixen les dades\u00a0en el temps i es mostren almenys 3 l\u00ednies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00ednia central amb la mitjana.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00edmit superior i l\u00edmit inferior (t\u00edpicament 3 desviacions est\u00e0ndard, \u00a099.7% de les mostres)<\/li>\n<li>Podria tenir l\u00ednies d&#8217;avisos superiors i tamb\u00e9 inferiors (Per exemple 2 desviacions est\u00e0ndard,\u00a095.45% de les mostres)<\/li>\n<li>Tamb\u00e9 es poden afegir\u00a0comentaris dels\u00a0moments\u00a0d&#8217;inter\u00e8s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Si no hi haguessin aquestes l\u00ednies de control nom\u00e9s mostraria el rendiment al llarg del temps\u00a0i per tant\u00a0seria simplement un\u00a0gr\u00e0fic d&#8217;execuci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Histogrames<\/h3>\n<p>Un histograma \u00e9s una representaci\u00f3 gr\u00e0fica d&#8217;una distribuci\u00f3 de dades.<\/p>\n<p>Mostra una estimaci\u00f3 de la distribuci\u00f3 de probabilitat d&#8217;una variable continua a partir de les seves ocurr\u00e8ncies. Es construeix a partir del\u00a0n\u00famero d&#8217;ocurr\u00e8ncies\u00a0dels\u00a0resultats que pren la\u00a0variable.<\/p>\n<p>Per exemple, la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia\u00a0dels\u00a0imports de les comandes realitzades:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1630 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog_aov_example_figure.png\" alt=\"blog_aov_example_figure\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog_aov_example_figure.png 800w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog_aov_example_figure-300x223.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>En aquest exemple pots veure\u00a0els histogrames d&#8217;un\u00a0test\u00a0A\/B en que es vol\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/cro\/optimitzacio-de-la-conversio\/\">optimitzar la conversi\u00f3<\/a>\u00a0demostrant que la versi\u00f3 B (1,1%) t\u00e9 millor conversi\u00f3\u00a0que la versi\u00f3 A (1%).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1628 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Two-Sample-T-Test-Evans-Awesome-A-B-Tools-.png\" alt=\"Two-Sample T-Test Evan's Awesome A B Tools\" width=\"385\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Two-Sample-T-Test-Evans-Awesome-A-B-Tools-.png 385w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Two-Sample-T-Test-Evans-Awesome-A-B-Tools--300x267.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>5. Diagrames de Pareto<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mostren quins factors son m\u00e9s significants en la ocurr\u00e8ncia de efectes o problemes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Els\u00a0diagrames de Pareto que tamb\u00e9 es coneixen com a distribuci\u00f3 A-B-C, facilita l&#8217;estudi comparatiu de la import\u00e0ncia de nombres possibles\u00a0causes de problemes.<\/p>\n<p>Es visualitzen gr\u00e0ficament les dades de manera que es pugin\u00a0establir prioritats en la millora de la qualitat seguin el principi de Pareto: Et pots centrar primer en el 20% dels elements que provoquen el 80% dels problemes, sense ignorar el 20% dels problemes del 80% de causes restant.<\/p>\n<p>Es posa la m\u00e8trica a\u00a0l&#8217;eix vertical esquerra i la dimensi\u00f3\u00a0al eix horitzontal. Per completar-lo es posa el percentatge acumulatiu a l&#8217;eix vertical dret.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1649 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/46_-3268_50.png\" alt=\"46_-3268_50\" width=\"1259\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/46_-3268_50.png 1259w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/46_-3268_50-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/46_-3268_50-1024x556.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1259px) 100vw, 1259px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Per exemple, es pot utilitzar per destacar\u00a0les respostes m\u00e9s freq\u00fcents d&#8217;una enquesta o de motius d&#8217;incid\u00e8ncia:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1650 size-full alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/anallisis-pareto-respostes-enquesta-e1404934346502.jpg\" alt=\"anallisis-pareto-respostes-enquesta\" width=\"585\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/anallisis-pareto-respostes-enquesta-e1404934346502.jpg 585w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/anallisis-pareto-respostes-enquesta-e1404934346502-300x217.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>6. Diagrama de dispersi\u00f3 i la estratificaci\u00f3<\/h3>\n<p>El diagrama de dispersi\u00f3 \u00e9s un gr\u00e0fic que emparella 2 m\u00e8triques i que facilita la visualitzaci\u00f3 de possibles relacions entre elles.<\/p>\n<p>Per exemple, si les dues m\u00e8triques estan correlacionades els punts estarien a prop d&#8217;una l\u00ednia o d&#8217;una corba. A major correlaci\u00f3, m\u00e9s a prop de la l\u00ednia estaran els punts.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1671 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/705_scatter-diagram1.png\" alt=\"705_scatter diagram1\" width=\"500\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/705_scatter-diagram1.png 500w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/705_scatter-diagram1-287x300.png 287w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Un error molt habitual de la nostra intu\u00efci\u00f3 \u00e9s la <a title=\"De la generalitzaci\u00f3 al racisme hi ha un pas\" href=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/ecommerce\/estrangers-renfe-problemes-catalunya-immigracio\/\">generalitzaci\u00f3<\/a>. Ignorem els percentatges de de representativitat de les agrupacions que fem.<\/p>\n<p>La <strong>estratificaci\u00f3<\/strong> \u00e9s una t\u00e8cnica que\u00a0separa les mostres obtingudes\u00a0des de\u00a0diferents fonts de dades. La estratificaci\u00f3 consisteix en la divisi\u00f3 pr\u00e8via de la poblaci\u00f3 d&#8217;estudi en grups o classes que se suposen homogenis amb respecte a alguna caracter\u00edstica de les que es van a estudiar\u00a0i tenint en compte la quantitat d\u2019elements de la mostra que s\u2019han d&#8217;elegir de cadascun dels estrats.<\/p>\n<p>Per exemple, aqu\u00ed tens la\u00a0visualitzaci\u00f3 en gr\u00e0fic de dispersi\u00f3\u00a0de la puresa del alumini segons el reactor utilitzat:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1666 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/dcat-stratification-fig1.gif\" alt=\"dcat-stratification-fig1\" width=\"432\" height=\"365\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Si estudiem tota la mostra sencera no es veu cap relaci\u00f3, per\u00f2 amb d&#8217;utilitzaci\u00f3 de estrats es descobreixen les relacions per cada font de dades.<\/p>\n<p>Cal tenir en compte que la estratificaci\u00f3 \u00e9s diferent de la segmentaci\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La segmentaci\u00f3 es fa sobre una mostra existent, sigui o no proporcional a la realitat.\u00a0En canvi en la estratificaci\u00f3 es prepara la mostra pr\u00e8viament segons les proporcions reals.<\/li>\n<li>En la estratificaci\u00f3 un individuo no pot estar en m\u00e9s d&#8217;un estrat, en canvi en la segmentaci\u00f3 si.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>7. Diagrama de flux<\/h3>\n<p>Hi ha llistes en que es posen els\u00a0diagrames de flux com a setena eina i n&#8217;hi ha d&#8217;altres que posen la estratificaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Un diagrama de flux mostra el funcionament d&#8217;un proc\u00e9s tal com \u00e9s. Sempre t\u00e9 un \u00fanic punt d&#8217;inici i un \u00fanic punt de finalitzaci\u00f3. A m\u00e9s, tot cam\u00ed d&#8217;execuci\u00f3 ha de permetre arribar des de l&#8217;inici fins al final.<\/p>\n<p>Exemple detallant des de la recepci\u00f3 duna comanda fins a la facturaci\u00f3 final:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1675 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/flowchart-fig2.gif\" alt=\"flowchart-fig2\" width=\"359\" height=\"598\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Funcionament:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Treballar amb els responsables del proc\u00e9s i persones relacionades\u00a0amb l&#8217;activitat que s&#8217;est\u00e0 estudiant\u00a0i es vol millorar o corregir per identificar les idees principals que cal incloure en el diagrama de flux i amb quins objectius i l\u00edmits.<\/li>\n<li>Fixar el comen\u00e7ament i el final del proc\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>Llistar cronol\u00f2gicament les activitats o tasques que estan incloses en el proc\u00e9s en el nivell de detall necessari\u00a0adequat per l&#8217;\u00fas que se n&#8217;espera.<\/li>\n<li>Identificar els punts de decisi\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>Dibuixar el diagrama i verificar que estigui\u00a0tot\u00a0correcte i complet.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Al mostrar-lo visualment, s&#8217;afavoreix la comprensi\u00f3 del proc\u00e9s per part de tothom sense necessitat de llegir un munt de p\u00e0gines. Aix\u00f2 facilita la creativitat per la millora del proc\u00e9s i la correcci\u00f3 dels seus problemes (redund\u00e0ncia, conflictes, colls d&#8217;ampolla, relacions client-prove\u00efdor, percepci\u00f3, etc).<\/p>\n<p>Exemple de flux funcional d&#8217;un\u00a0eCommerce:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1673 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/process-flow.png\" alt=\"process-flow\" width=\"724\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/process-flow.png 724w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/process-flow-300x155.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hi ha casos complexos en qu\u00e8 el\u00a0flux no \u00e9s lineal, per exemple\u00a0en <a href=\"http:\/\/www.clickz.com\/clickz\/column\/1716671\/conversion-funnel-folly-part\">escenaris\u00a0de persuasi\u00f3<\/a> es va des del\u00a0&#8220;funnel point&#8221; al &#8220;conversion point&#8221; passant per diferents &#8220;waypoints&#8221; i &#8220;points of resolution&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1674 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/persuasionscenario.png\" alt=\"persuasionscenario\" width=\"504\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/persuasionscenario.png 504w, https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/persuasionscenario-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Evoluci\u00f3 del concepte de qualitat<\/h3>\n<p>Per\u00f2 i tot aix\u00f2 \u00e9s per mi?\u00a0En diferents \u00e8poques s&#8217;ha tractat diferent el concepte de qualitat.<\/p>\n<p>Aquesta n&#8217;\u00e9s la evoluci\u00f3:<\/p>\n<table width=\"587\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19%\"><b>Etapa<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"43%\"><b>Concepte<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"38%\"><strong>Finalitat<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19%\">Artesanal<\/td>\n<td width=\"43%\">Fer les coses b\u00e9 amb independ\u00e8ncia del cost o del esfor\u00e7 que sigui necessari.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38%\">\n<ul>\n<li>Satisfer el client.<\/li>\n<li>Satisfacci\u00f3 del propi artes\u00e0 pel treball ben fet.<\/li>\n<li>Crear un producte \u00fanic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19%\">Revoluci\u00f3 Industrial<\/td>\n<td width=\"43%\">Fer moltes coses encara que siguin de poca qualitat (La capacitat de producci\u00f3 \u00e9s la qualitat)<\/td>\n<td width=\"38%\">\n<ul>\n<li>Satisfer una gran demanda.<\/li>\n<li>Obtenir beneficis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19%\">2a Guerra Mundial<\/td>\n<td width=\"43%\">Assegurar la efici\u00e8ncia de les armes sense importar la despesa,\u00a0i buscar la m\u00e0xima i m\u00e9s r\u00e0pida producci\u00f3.<br \/>\n(Efic\u00e0cia + Rapidesa = Qualitat)<\/td>\n<td width=\"38%\">Garantir la disponibilitat de prou armament efica\u00e7\u00a0nen el\u00a0moment desitjat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19%\">Postguerra (Jap\u00f3)<\/td>\n<td width=\"43%\">Fer les coses b\u00e9 a la primera<\/td>\n<td width=\"38%\">\n<ul>\n<li>Minimitzar despeses millorant la qualitat<\/li>\n<li>Satisfer al client<\/li>\n<li>Ser competitiu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19%\">Postguerra (Resta\u00a0del m\u00f3n)<\/td>\n<td width=\"43%\">Produir en massa<\/td>\n<td width=\"38%\">\n<ul>\n<li>Satisfer una gran demanda causada per la guerra<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19%\">Control de\u00a0Qualitat<\/td>\n<td width=\"43%\">T\u00e8cniques de inspecci\u00f3 de la producci\u00f3 per evitar la fabricaci\u00f3 de productes defectuosos.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38%\">Satisfer les necessitats t\u00e8cniques del producte.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19%\">Assegurament\u00a0de la\u00a0Qualitat<\/td>\n<td width=\"43%\">Sistemes i procediments de la organitzaci\u00f3 per evitar que es fabriquin productes defectuosos.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38%\">\n<ul>\n<li>Satisfer\u00a0al client.<\/li>\n<li>Prevenir errors.<\/li>\n<li>Reduir costos.<\/li>\n<li>Ser competitiu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19%\">Qualitat\u00a0Total<\/td>\n<td width=\"43%\">Teoria de gesti\u00f3\u00a0centrada en la satisfacci\u00f3 permanent de les expectatives del client.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38%\">\n<ul>\n<li>Satisfer tant al client extern com intern.<\/li>\n<li>Ser altament competitiu.<\/li>\n<li>Millora cont\u00ednua.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Saber-ne m\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<p>El llibre <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.es\/gp\/product\/0873896394\/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=3626&amp;creative=24822&amp;creativeASIN=0873896394&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=elnostraco-21\">The Quality Toolbox<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/ir-es.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/ir?t=elnostraco-21&amp;l=as2&amp;o=30&amp;a=0873896394\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0\u00e9s el m\u00e9s complet que conec sobre\u00a0eines de qualitat.<\/p>\n<p>Els llibres que recomano per CRO estan a l&#8217;article de <a href=\"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/cro\/optimitzacio-de-la-conversio\/\">optimitzaci\u00f3 de la conversi\u00f3<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Per acabar una cita de W. Edwards Deming<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Don&#8217;t blame the individual, fix the system for them.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Refer\u00e8ncies utilitzades:\u00a0Wikipedia,\u00a0BBC, Asq.org,\u00a0Datanalytics.com,\u00a0Zeepedia,\u00a0gestiopolis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9s important aprendre aspectes del control de la qualitat de processos si vols millorar la qualitat del teu producte o servei. Qui \u00e9s Kaoru Ishikawa? El 13 de juliol de 1915 a Tokyo\u00a0va n\u00e8ixer\u00a0Kaoru Ishikawa. &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[18],"class_list":["post-1606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analytics","tag-destacats"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat ~ Anal\u00edtica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat ~ Anal\u00edtica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c9s important aprendre aspectes del control de la qualitat de processos si vols millorar la qualitat del teu producte o servei. Qui \u00e9s Kaoru Ishikawa? El 13 de juliol de 1915 a Tokyo\u00a0va n\u00e8ixer\u00a0Kaoru Ishikawa. &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jordi Rosell\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jrosell\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-07-13T10:25:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-04-16T09:27:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg?fit=230%2C294&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"230\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"294\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"jrosell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@jrosell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@jrosell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"jrosell\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"jrosell\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/af160702c4f0ec816120b9fa60f5f8d4\"},\"headline\":\"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-07-13T10:25:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-04-16T09:27:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/\"},\"wordCount\":1839,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"destacats\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Anal\u00edtica\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/\",\"name\":\"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat ~ Anal\u00edtica\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-07-13T10:25:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-04-16T09:27:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/af160702c4f0ec816120b9fa60f5f8d4\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg\",\"width\":230,\"height\":294},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Inici\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Jordi Rosell\",\"description\":\"Conversi\u00f3, eCommerce i Marketing online\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/af160702c4f0ec816120b9fa60f5f8d4\",\"name\":\"jrosell\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e2c92ba58be3b381bdc53ea33374b70e1091d8288204187f0645d151e112925?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e2c92ba58be3b381bdc53ea33374b70e1091d8288204187f0645d151e112925?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"jrosell\"},\"description\":\"Consultor, professor i conferenciant. Ajudo als meus clients en la definici\u00f3 estrat\u00e8gica, l'an\u00e0lisi de dades, la presa de decisions i la millora de resultats.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/elnosstreraco.com\/blog\",\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jrosell\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/jrosell\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat ~ Anal\u00edtica","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat ~ Anal\u00edtica","og_description":"\u00c9s important aprendre aspectes del control de la qualitat de processos si vols millorar la qualitat del teu producte o servei. Qui \u00e9s Kaoru Ishikawa? El 13 de juliol de 1915 a Tokyo\u00a0va n\u00e8ixer\u00a0Kaoru Ishikawa. &hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/","og_site_name":"Jordi Rosell","article_author":"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jrosell","article_published_time":"2014-07-13T10:25:01+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-04-16T09:27:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":230,"height":294,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg?fit=230%2C294&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"jrosell","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@jrosell","twitter_site":"@jrosell","twitter_misc":{"Escrit per":"jrosell","Temps estimat de lectura":"9 minuts"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/"},"author":{"name":"jrosell","@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/af160702c4f0ec816120b9fa60f5f8d4"},"headline":"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat","datePublished":"2014-07-13T10:25:01+00:00","dateModified":"2018-04-16T09:27:59+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/"},"wordCount":1839,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg","keywords":["destacats"],"articleSection":["Anal\u00edtica"],"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/","url":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/","name":"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat ~ Anal\u00edtica","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg","datePublished":"2014-07-13T10:25:01+00:00","dateModified":"2018-04-16T09:27:59+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/af160702c4f0ec816120b9fa60f5f8d4"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ishikawa-bw-238x300-e1405158973732.jpg","width":230,"height":294},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/kaoru-ishikawa-7-eines-qualitat\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Inici","item":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Kaoru Ishikawa i les 7 eines b\u00e0siques per al control de la qualitat"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/","name":"Jordi Rosell","description":"Conversi\u00f3, eCommerce i Marketing online","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/af160702c4f0ec816120b9fa60f5f8d4","name":"jrosell","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e2c92ba58be3b381bdc53ea33374b70e1091d8288204187f0645d151e112925?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e2c92ba58be3b381bdc53ea33374b70e1091d8288204187f0645d151e112925?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"jrosell"},"description":"Consultor, professor i conferenciant. Ajudo als meus clients en la definici\u00f3 estrat\u00e8gica, l'an\u00e0lisi de dades, la presa de decisions i la millora de resultats.","sameAs":["http:\/\/elnosstreraco.com\/blog","http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jrosell","https:\/\/x.com\/jrosell"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1606"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3073,"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1606\/revisions\/3073"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}