{"id":19,"date":"2009-05-10T02:07:00","date_gmt":"2009-05-10T02:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/?p=19"},"modified":"2014-03-23T14:52:22","modified_gmt":"2014-03-23T14:52:22","slug":"unix-els-antecedents-i-la-base-de-mac-os-x-i-gnulinux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/unix-els-antecedents-i-la-base-de-mac-os-x-i-gnulinux\/","title":{"rendered":"Unix: Els antecedents i la base de Mac OS X i GNU\/Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Antecedents de Unix<\/span><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unix\">Unix<\/a> es va crear per alguns empleats de AT&amp;T als laboratoris Bell, per\u00f2 no va ser fins als 1980 que es va adoptar la versi\u00f3 BSD surgida per la Universitat de California, Berkeley.\u00a0Sun Microsystems va basar SunOS en BSD i posteriorment va fer Solaris 2 basant-se en\u00a0System V. SRV4,\u00a0un treball conjunt amb AT&amp;T\u00a0Les llicencies dels Unix de AT&amp;T han estat restrictives en quant a modificacions, mentre que les llicencies BSD han perm\u00e9s modificacions.<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">GNU\/Linux<\/span><\/div>\n<div>Qui hagi estudiat inform\u00e1tica coneixer\u00e0 a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrew_S._Tanenbaum\">Tanenbaum<\/a> pels seus llibres de computaci\u00f3. Doncs ell \u00e9s el creador de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minix\">Minix<\/a> un Unix educacional basat en BSD.<\/div>\n<div>La motivaci\u00f3 de Linux Torvalds va ser que\u00a0no es volia que Minix fos complicat donat els seus objetius educacionals i evitaven la seva millora.<\/div>\n<div>L&#8217;origen del <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/N%C3%BAcleo_(inform%C3%A1tica)\">nucli<\/a> de Linux \u00e9s la versi\u00f3 del nucli de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minix\">Minix<\/a> que va escriure Linus Torvalds amb l&#8217;objectiu de tenir un sistema que fos compatible amb Unix que funcion\u00e9s en PCs de IBM sobre un procesador Intel 8088.\u00a0De fet el nom de Linux ve de <span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'; \"><em>Linus&#8217;s Minix.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div>De totes maneres un sistema operatiu no nom\u00e9s es determina pel kernel que utilitza. Les <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distribuci%C3%B3n_GNU\/Linux\">distribucions GNU\/Linux<\/a> incorporen els paquets i programes lliures (GNU is Not Unix) o tamb\u00e9 privatius com controladors hardware o extensions amb llic\u00e8ncia no lliure.\u00a0Pots trobar un recull a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.linux.org\/\">http:\/\/www.linux.org\/dist\/<\/a><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mac OS X<\/span><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.apple.com\/server\/macosx\/technology\/unix.html\">Mac OS X t\u00e9 la denominaci\u00f3 Unix<\/a>, en el seu llen\u00e7ament nom\u00e9s es podia dir que era <a href=\"http:\/\/developer.apple.com\/referencelibrary\/GettingStarted\/GS_Darwin\/index.html\">basat en Unix<\/a>.\u00a0No nom\u00e9s aix\u00f2 sino que\u00a0DTrace ,\u00a0una de les innovacions de Solaris 10, tamb\u00e9 est\u00e0 disponible a Mac OS X.<\/div>\n<div>La &#8220;X&#8221; vol dir dues coses a &#8220;Mac OS X&#8221;:<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>X \u00e9s el n\u00famero 10 en n\u00fameros romans.<\/li>\n<li>X \u00e9s la \u00faltima lletra de Uni<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">X<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>A la web d&#8217;apple hi ha un\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/developer.apple.com\/macosx\/architecture\/index.html\">mapa de tots els components de Mac OS X<\/a>, on Darwin es la base. Darwin esta construit a partir del kernel <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XNU\">Mach 3.0<\/a> i el sistema operatiu FreeBSD 5 i en productes Open Source com gcc i emacs que van ser creats per <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Stallman\">Stallman<\/a>.<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Potser et sorpren, donat la gran reputaci\u00f3 en els gr\u00e0fics de apple, que l&#8217;entorn gr\u00e1fic es X11R7, o sigui que son llibreries de X.org o que el video sigui OpenGL.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>A mi m&#8217;ha sorpr\u00e8s <a href=\"http:\/\/developer.apple.com\/referencelibrary\/GettingStarted\/GS_Darwin\/index.html\">que et recomainin un llibre d&#8217;administraci\u00f3 Unix en general dins del Start Here de del Getting started with Darwin.<\/a><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Com queda doncs<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-style: normal; \">Distribucions Linux: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU\">GNU is not Unix<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: italic; \"><span style=\"font-style: normal; \">Mac OS X: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XNU\">XNU is no Unix<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>Aquests sistemes operatius no s\u00f3n Unix pero tenen caracter\u00edstiques que els fan compatibles a Unix, ja que s&#8217;han basat en la seva especificaci\u00f3.<\/div>\n<div>Sorpr\u00e8s?<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Actualitzaci\u00f3<\/span>: Explicaci\u00f3 de\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'; font-style: italic; \">Linus&#8217;s Minix<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Antecedents de Unix Unix es va crear per alguns empleats de AT&amp;T als laboratoris Bell, per\u00f2 no va ser fins als 1980 que es va adoptar la versi\u00f3 BSD surgida per la Universitat de California, &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dev"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Unix: Els antecedents i la base de Mac OS X i GNU\/Linux ~ Desenvolupament<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elnostreraco.com\/blog\/unix-els-antecedents-i-la-base-de-mac-os-x-i-gnulinux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unix: Els antecedents i la base de Mac OS X i GNU\/Linux ~ Desenvolupament\" 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